UNQUESTIONING LOYALTY TO PASTORAL LEADERSHIP THE MARK OF A CULT
By David Cloud
For church leaders to demand unquestioning loyalty is a perversion of
biblical truth and is the mark of a cult. The Bible gives authority
to pastors and elders (Heb. 13:7, 17), but that authority is not
unlimited or unquestionable. Those who demand blind obedience from
their people are cult leaders. Consider the following description of
the authority that was wielded by James and Ellen White in the early
days of the Seventh-day Adventist cult:
“ELDER AND MRS. WHITE RAN AND RULED EVERYTHING WITH AN IRON HAND. Not
a nomination to office, not a resolution, not an item of business was
ever acted upon in business meetings till all had been first
submitted to Elder White for his approval. Till years later, we never
saw an opposition vote on any question, for no one dared to do it.
Hence, all official voting was only a farce. The will of Elder White
settled everything. If any one dared to oppose anything, however
humbly, Elder White or wife quickly squelched him. LONG YEARS OF SUCH
TRAINING TAUGHT THE PEOPLE TO LET THEIR LEADERS THINK FOR THEM;
HENCE, THEY ARE UNDER AS COMPLETE SUBJECTION AS ARE THE CATHOLICS”
(D.M. Canright, Seventh-day Adventism Renounced, 1898).
This description was given by a man who was a faithful member of the
Seventh-day Adventist Church for 28 years and who became one of its
top leaders. D.M. Canright knew James and Ellen White intimately. He
left the Seventh-day Adventist Church in 1884 and became a Baptist
pastor in Michigan until his death in 1919.
THE FRIGHTFUL FACT IS THAT THE ABOVE DESCRIPTION OF THE PERVERTED
AUTHORITY THAT WAS EXERCISED BY JAMES AND ELLEN WHITE IN THEIR
ADVENTIST CULT PERFECTLY DESCRIBES THE AUTHORITY THAT IS EXERCISED BY
SOME FUNDAMENTAL BAPTIST PASTORS. If I were to publish Canright’s
description of perverted church authority without including the names
of James and Ellen White and without explaining who this describes
and when it was written, some church members in independent Baptist
churches would be tempted to write to me and charge me with libeling
their own pastors!
SPIRITUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PASTOR’S AUTHORITY
There are two problems that I see pertaining to pastoral authority in
fundamental Baptist churches today: One, there is rebellion against
pastoral authority on the part of some church members; and two, there
is misuse of pastoral authority on the part of some pastors.
Pastors have God-given authority. God’s word says, “Obey them that
have the rule over you, and submit yourselves: for they watch for
your souls, as they that must give account, that they may do it with
joy, and not with grief: for that is unprofitable for you” (Heb.
13:17). Church members do not all have the same authority in the
congregations. Pastors have ruling authority, and those who are not
pastors are to submit themselves to this authority. Sadly, there is
widespread rebellion against pastoral authority. Many people who
leave GOOD fundamental Baptist churches do so because they do not
understand or they refuse to submit to biblical pastoral authority.
They think they have just as much right as the pastor to make
decisions in the church, but that is not true. We have dealt with
this in articles such as “SEVEN KEYS TO FRUITFUL CHURCH MEMBERSHIP”
(see the Church section of the End Times Apostasy Database at the Way
of Life web site — http://www.wayoflife.org/fbns/sevenkeys.htm).
At the same time, the authority exercised by a pastor or elder is to
be distinctly different from that exercised by leaders in the secular
world, and there are pastors who are abusing their authority. That is
the focus of this article. Consider the biblical characteristics of
proper and godly pastoral authority.
FIRST, THE PASTOR’S AUTHORITY IS A MINISTERING AUTHORITY–the
authority of a shepherd (Mark 10:42-45; Acts 20:28; 2 Cor. 1:24;
13:10; Titus 1:7; 1 Pet. 5:2). The authority of a pastor is strictly
for building up and protecting God’s people and work. It is not for
his own pleasure and design.
“But Jesus called them to him, and saith unto them, Ye know that they
which are accounted to rule over the Gentiles exercise lordship over
them; and THEIR GREAT ONES EXERCISE AUTHORITY UPON THEM. BUT SO SHALL
IT NOT BE AMONG YOU: BUT WHOSOEVER WILL BE GREAT AMONG YOU, SHALL BE
YOUR MINISTER: And whosoever of you will be the chiefest, shall be
servant of all. For even the Son of man came not to be ministered
unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many” (Mark
10:42-45).
“NOT FOR THAT WE HAVE DOMINION OVER YOUR FAITH, but are helpers of
your joy: for by faith ye stand” (2 Cor. 1:24).
“Therefore I write these things being absent, lest being present I
should use sharpness, according to THE POWER WHICH THE LORD HATH
GIVEN ME TO EDIFICATION, AND NOT TO DESTRUCTION” (2 Cor. 13:10).
“For a bishop must be blameless, as the steward of God; NOT
SELFWILLED, not soon angry, not given to wine, no striker, not given
to filthy lucre” (Titus 1:7).
“Feed the flock of God which is among you, taking the oversight
thereof, not by constraint, but willingly; not for filthy lucre, but
of a ready mind. NEITHER AS BEING LORDS OVER GOD’S HERITAGE, but
being ensamples to the flock” (1 Peter 5:2).
SECOND, THE PASTOR’S AUTHORITY IS A SUBMISSIVE, HUMBLE AUTHORITY–the
authority of a steward (Acts 20:28; 1 Cor. 3:9; 4:1; 12:7; Tit. 1:7;
1 Pet. 4:10; 5:3-5).
“Take heed therefore unto yourselves, and to all the flock, over the
which the Holy Ghost hath made you overseers, to feed the church of
God, which he hath purchased with his own blood” (Acts 20:28).
“For we are labourers together with God: ye are God’s husbandry, ye
are God’s building” (1 Cor. 3:9).
“Let a man so account of us, as of the ministers of Christ, and
stewards of the mysteries of God” (1 Cor. 4:1).
“But the manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit
withal” (1 Cor. 12:7).
“As every man hath received the gift, even so minister the same one
to another, as good stewards of the manifold grace of God” (1 Pet.
4:10).
“Yea, all of you be subject one to another, and be clothed with
humility: for God resisteth the proud, and giveth grace to the
humble” (1 Peter 5:3,5).
The pastor is to rule under the direction of the Lord Jesus Christ,
not by his own mind or will. The church is God’s property; the people
are God’s people; the work is God’s work. The pastor is merely a
steward or caretaker.
Contrast this with the ministry of proud, willful Diotrephes (3 Jn.
9-10) who lorded it over the flock and who quenched the spiritual
ministry of men of whom he did not approve even though their
ministries were scriptural.
SOME OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A DIOTREPHES ARE AS FOLLOWS:
First, he demands unquestioning loyalty and does not teach the people
that his authority is restricted and does not encourage the people to
test him by God’s Word. He emphasizes certain passages that refer to
one aspect of pastoral authority (such as Hebrews 13:17), but he
ignores the passages that limit his authority (such as Mark 10:42-45;
2 Cor. 1:24; and 1 Peter 5:2). This is the way that all false
teachers misuse the Bible. They develop doctrines from pet verses
that appear to support their views while ignoring or explaining away
those verses that disprove their views. Second, he wants people to be
dependent upon him for direction in life and ministry instead of
being dependent upon the Lord Himself. He makes the people feel that
they cannot make important decisions and know God’s will without him.
Contrast this with Acts 13:3-4, where it was the Holy Spirit who
guided the church at Antioch and called Paul and Barnabas to their
missionary work.
Third, he exalts himself before the people.
Fourth, he ridicules his associates, making them look small in the
eyes of the church members, thus increasing his own prestige and
authority and decreasing theirs.
Fifth, he uses an Old Testament pattern for church government to
bolster his demand for unquestioning loyalty. He compares himself to
Moses, Joshua, and David, failing to note that the New Testament
pattern of church government is dramatically different from that of
Old Testament Israel. The nation Israel was a kingdom, a theocracy.
The New Testament church is the body and flock of Christ. The human
leaders in the churches are not lords or potentates or generals or
presidents, but are humble shepherds. The Lord Jesus Christ left no
doubt about this (see Mark 10:42-45).
THIRD, THE PASTOR’S AUTHORITY IS A KINDLY, LOVING AUTHORITY–the
authority of a father (1 Th. 2:7-11).
The pastor is to have a godly, loving, tender, sacrificial
consideration for the welfare of the people. His rule is not to be an
overbearing, self-serving type of rule.
“But we were gentle among you, even as a nurse cherisheth her
children: So being affectionately desirous of you, we were willing to
have imparted unto you, not the gospel of God only, but also our own
souls, because ye were dear unto us. For ye remember, brethren, our
labour and travail: for labouring night and day, because we would not
be chargeable unto any of you, we preached unto you the gospel of
God. Ye are witnesses, and God also, how holily and justly and
unblameably we behaved ourselves among you that believe: As ye know
how we exhorted and comforted and charged every one of you, as a
father doth his children” (1 Thess. 2:7-11).
One of the marks of a cult is the way people are treated when they
refuse to follow the leadership unquestioningly or when they leave.
When D.M. Canright left Adventism after 28 years, he was treated like
a fool and an evil man. All friendship and kindness was withdrawn by
the Adventist leaders. They even lied about him mercilessly for many
years afterwards. This is a mark of a cult. People are only treated
kindly and lovingly if they submit to the doctrines and “authority”
of the cult’s leaders; if they question the leadership or if they
leave the church, they are fair game to be treated without mercy.
This is exactly what we find in some large (and small but
would-be-large) cult-like independent Baptist churches. As long as
people unquestionably submit to the pastor, they are treated kindly.
As soon as they question his leadership and leave, the kindness is
removed and they are treated unkindly.
FOURTH, THE PASTOR’S AUTHORITY IS A LIBERATING AUTHORITY–THE
AUTHORITY TO BUILD UP NOT HOLD DOWN (2 Corinthians 10:8; Ephesians
4:11-12).
“For though I should boast somewhat more of our authority, which the
Lord hath given us for edification, and not for your destruction, I
should not be ashamed” (1 Cor. 10:8).
“And he gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some,
evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers; for the perfecting of
the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edifying of the
body of Christ” (Eph. 4:11-12).
A godly pastor’s objective is to build the people of God up in the
faith so that they are strong and can stand on their own feet under
Christ their one Head. He wants to see their spiritual gifts and
callings developed to the fullest extend possible, and he wants to do
everything he can to encourage them to fulfill their calling.
LIMITATIONS TO THE PASTOR’S AUTHORITY
A pastor only has such authority as is delegated to him by God.
Christians are never told to submit blindly to a church leader, but
to submit to truly God-called men who are leading according to the
Word of God. As the Apostle Paul said, “Be ye followers of me, even
as I also am of Christ” (1 Cor. 11:1). Paul could demand that others
follow him because he was following Christ and was faithfully
preaching the message given to him by Christ. Apart from that, even
Paul had no authority. He warned the churches of Galatia that if even
he were to preach any other gospel, they were to reject him
(Galatians 1:8). Even in matters pertaining to his own associates,
Paul’s authority was not absolute and unquestionable. When Paul
“greatly desired” for Apollos to minister at Corinth, Apollos refused
(1 Cor. 16:12).
A pastor’s authority is limited in the following ways:
(1) A PASTOR’S AUTHORITY IS LIMITED BY THE BIBLE. Hebrews 13:7
instructs Christians to submit to those who have spoken to them the
Word of God. A preacher does not have authority in himself; his
authority is the Word of God. If a pastor or teacher strays from the
Bible, his listeners have no responsibility to follow him; he has
exceeded his authority. The Bereans are praised because they
carefully examined Paul’s preaching instead of blindly following a
man (Acts 17:11). God’s people are instructed to “prove all things”
(1 Thessalonians 5:21). Every sermon is to be judged by those who
hear it (1 Corinthians 14:29). A pastor does not have authority to
lord it over every detail of the people’s lives. They are the Lord’s
people, not the pastor’s. He is a humble undershepherd who is
temporarily caring for the Lord’s flock. The people have the
indwelling Spirit of God and He is their main teacher. “But the
anointing which ye have received of him abideth in you, and ye need
not that any man teach you: but as the same anointing teacheth you of
all things, and is truth, and is no lie, and even as it hath taught
you, ye shall abide in him” (1 John 2:27).
(2) A PASTOR’S AUTHORITY IS BASED ON HIS CALL FROM GOD (Acts 20:28).
The elders of the church at Ephesus were appointed by the Holy
Spirit. This is a foundational basis for spiritual authority.
Christians are only to submit to men who give plain evidence that
they are called of God. The pastor’s qualifications are clearly
stated in 1 Timothy 3 and Titus 1. Many men are unfit to exercise
pastoral authority because their marital status is not the example it
should be (pastors are to be examples to the flock of God’s perfect
will–1 Peter 5:3), or their wives are unspiritual, or because their
children are unruly, or because they have a poor testimony in the
community, or for other reasons clearly spelled out in the Bible.
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PASTORING AND LORDING
“The elders which are among you I exhort, who am also an elder, and a
witness of the sufferings of Christ, and also a partaker of the glory
that shall be revealed: Feed the flock of God which is among you,
taking the oversight thereof, not by constraint, but willingly; not
for filthy lucre, but of a ready mind; Neither as being lords over
God’s heritage, but being ensamples to the flock” (1 Peter 5:1-3).
Pastors have real authority in the church, but it is a different kind
of authority than that exercised by the world. Note some of the
differences as follows:
Scriptural pastors love the flock and lead by compassion, but lords
typically despise compassion; they don’t encourage; they merely
demand (1 Thess. 2:7-8).
Scriptural pastors lead by example, but lords merely make demands
with little or no awareness or concern that they must model what they
demand (1 Pet. 5:3).
Scriptural pastors know that the flock is not their own, but lords
feel that they own the people and thus can control them according to
their own will (1 Pet. 5:2, 3 “flock of God,” “God’s heritage”).
Scriptural pastors care more about the welfare of the saints than
their own profit, but lords rule for personal gain and are not afraid
to abuse the people (1 Pet. 5:2).
Scriptural pastors are humble and do not consider themselves greater
than the flock, but lords exalt themselves high above the people (1
Pet. 5:2 “among you”; 1 Pet. 5:5).
Scriptural pastors aim to build up the people and free them to do
God’s will (Eph. 4:11-12; 2 Cor. 10:8), but lords want to control the
people and hold them down. The Greek word translated “destruction” in
2 Corinthians 10:8 is elsewhere translated “pulling down” (2 Cor.
10:4).
Brethren, we must submit ourselves to God-called pastors who are
leading the churches according to the Word of God. We should follow
them and encourage them and always give them the benefit of the
doubt. Not to do so is rebellion and confusion.
We must also beware of men who exercise an unscriptural, cultic type
of authority, regardless of what denominational label they wear. The
Diotrephes mentality eventually led to the formation of the Roman
Catholic Church, with its hierarchy of archbishops and cardinals and
popes. We don’t need any more popes!
“But Jesus called them to him, and saith unto them, Ye know that they
which are accounted to rule over the Gentiles exercise lordship over
them; and their great ones exercise authority upon them. But so shall
it not be among you: but whosoever will be great among you, shall be
your minister: And whosoever of you will be the chiefest, shall be
servant of all. For even the Son of man came not to be ministered
unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many” (Mark
10:42-45).